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| 333 BC |
| | | At Gordium, in central Turkey, Alexander is credited with cutting the mythical Gordian Knot (identifying him as the ruler of Asia) | |
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| 331 BC |
| | | Moving northeast into Mesopotamia, Alexander again defeats Darius III (at Gaugamela), leaving Persia open to his advances | |
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| from 323 BC |
| | | The spread of Greek rule by Alexander introduces the Hellenistic age, which will last for three centuries | |
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| 221 BC |
| | | The ruthless Qin dynasty establishes control over the whole of central China | |
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| c. 126 BC |
| | | Zhang Qian reaches Bactria and is the first to bring news of western Asia back to China | |
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| 106 BC |
| | | A caravan leaves China with goods destined for Persia - proof that the eastern half of the Silk Road is now open | |
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| c. 120 |
| | | Kanishka rules the Kushan empire of Afghanistan and northern India from his capital at Peshawar | |
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| c. 208 |
| | | Ardashir is crowned king of Fars - a first step towards his founding of the Sassanian dynasty in Persia | |
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| c. 230 |
| | | Ardashir, the Persian king, commissions a relief of himself in triumphant mood - carved high on a rock face at Naqsh-e Rustam | |
|  | Naqsh-e-Rustam
Fotofile CG
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| c. 250 |
| | | The Persian prophet Mani establishes the dualistic Manichaean religion | |
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